Data types in SQL with example

In this post you will be told how many types of data types are there in SQL,

Let us go into detail, so let’s start.

When you create a new relation (Table), you specify a data type for each of its columns/attributes. Similarly, when you create a new procedure, you specify a data type for each of its arguments. The data type defines the allowed values that each column or argument can store. For example, a DATE column cannot store a value of March 32, because this is not a valid date.

Data types in SQL:-

SQL has different data types such as, Numeric, Characters, Binary, Date and Time.

You must know about data types before creating any tables. Data types have a huge role when creating tables. Data types you apply to fields (columns). Each column in a table stores a different type of value.

Data types are used to define which column will store what kind of value. The data type for each column is defined only when creating the table.

Data types in SQL are of the following types, so let’s know them.

Numeric Data Types: –

These data types are used to store numeric values. Numeric types are divided into 4 categories. These are being given below.

Character Data Types:-

So Character string data types represent alphanumeric values (number and character). A character string is a very valuable data type, many programming languages use it.

Data Type	Syntex	Range
Character String	CHAR	Maximum 8,000 Characters
Character String	VARCHAR	Maximum 8,000 Characters
Character String	VARCHAR2	1 to 4000 bytes
Unicode Character String	NCHAR	Maximum 4,000 Characters
Unicode Character String	NVARCHAR	Maximum 4,000 Characters
Character String	TEXT	Maximum 231 = 2,147,483,647 Characters
Unicode Character String	NTEXT	Maximum 230 = 1,073,741,823 Characters

Binary Data Types:-

Binary columns can contain data such as graphic images, which cannot easily be stored using character or numeric data types.

Data Type	Syntex	Range
Binary Value	BINARY	Maximum 8,000 Bytes
Binary Value	VARBINARY	Maximum 8,000 Bytes
Image	IMAGE	Maximum 231 = 2,147,483,647 Bytes

Date and Time Data Types:-

Date and Time types in SQL are called Temporal types. In such data types, you can store temporal information like time, year, date etc. Temporal data types are like this.

Data Type	Syntex	Range
Date	DATE	For Example, Feb 27, 2015(Format : YYYY-MM-DD)
Time	TIME	For Example, 2:15 A.M.(format : )
DateTime	DATETIME	Range : January 1, 1753, to December 31, 9999(format : YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI: SS)
SmallDateTime	SMALLDATETIME	Range : January 1, 1900, to June 6, 2079(format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI: SS)
Timestamp	TIMESTAMP	Format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI: SS (store year, month, day, hour, minute and second)

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you can also read the article on RDBMS

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